Area 634
Main Information
| Area ID | 634 |
| Site |
Knossos |
| Area type | settlement |
| Area NR | |
| Period | Crete/Evans, Vagnetti: Early Neolithic II Crete/Tomkins 2007: Late Neolithic II |
| Dating method | material culture |
| Radiocarbon dated | yes |
| Earliest date: Lab Number | |
| Earliest date: 14C age (BP) | |
| Earliest date: Calibration | None |
| Earliest date: 14C age calibrated (BC) | |
| Earliest date: Date of calibration | None |
| Earliest date: Standard deviation | None |
| Earliest date: Delta 13C | None |
| Earliest date: Dated by | |
| Latest date: Lab Number | |
| Latest date: 14C age (BP) | |
| Latest date: Calibration | None |
| Latest date: 14C age calibrated (BC) | |
| Latest date: Date of calibration | None |
| Latest date: Standard deviation | None |
| Latest date: Delta 13C | None |
| Latest date: Dated by | |
| Period Reference |
P. Tomkins, Neolithic: Strata IX-VIII, VII-VIB, VIA-V, IV, IIIB, IIIA, IIA, and IC Groups, 2007, London Alram-Stern, Eva, Die Ägäische Frühzeit, 2. Serie,Forschungsbericht 1977-2009. Das neolithische und vorpalastzeitliche Kreta, None, None |
| Comment | Stratum IV (layers 28-14) = Late Neolithic II (Tomkins) = Early Neolithic II (Evans); C14: transition from 6. to 5. millennium. |
| Settlement type | None |
| Settlement structure | |
| Settlement building type | |
| Settlement building shape | |
| Settlement building technique | |
| Settlement archaeological features | |
| Cave/rockshelters type | None |
| Cave/rockshelters: Evidence of graves/human remains | |
| Cave/rockshelters: Evidence of occupation | |
| Quarry exploitation type | None |
| Quarry raw material | |
| Cemetery/graves topography | |
| Cemetery/graves mortuary features | |
| Grave: number of graves | |
| Grave type | |
| Grave: type of human remains | |
| Grave: estimated number of individuals | |
| Grave: age groups |
adult subadult |
| Grave: sexes | |
| Grave: number of female sex | None |
| Grave: number of male sex | None |
| Grave: number of not specified sex | None |
| Grave: disturbance of graves | |
| Description | In Late Neolithic II, the settlement expanded and the population grew (2, 5 - 3 ha). The borders of the settlement lay outside of the Minoan Palace. There were organized court-groups. The houses were of better quality with thick walls (with stucco) and a differentiated ground plan with thicker external walls, narrow entrances and a complexly arranged interior. Also, they enclosed small courtyards. These changes indicate an isolation of households. In stratum IV, there also was a broad wall (maybe a supporting wall) and 2 consecutive small walls that were connected to 2 floors. There were human skeletal remains scattered in Late Neolithic layers (adults and children). Cultivated plants: intensive cultivation of wheat and barley; einkorn; wine (wild and domesticated) Pottery: less range of variation; rippled, incised, wider variety of patterns (herringbone pattern, wire, tree, angle, zigzag pattern, rhombus, ladder pattern); more incised pattern than pointillé. biconical bowls with offset rims and rim-attached handles replace flat cups. also there: chalices, fruitstands; Between stratum VI and IV there is a significant change in the pottery-technology (specialization instead of communal production). tools: one axe (granodiorite from the Mirabello Bay), probably for cutting wood; green-grey axes (metamorphic volcanic rock, from the Siteia Area --> Achladia and Skopi). Animal remains: sheep/goat; more cattle than before (mainly female, for milk and as draft animals); mice; marten; wild boars; capra aegagria |
| Comment |
Location of the Site
Bibliography
Finds in this Area