Area 182
Main Information
| Area ID | 182 |
| Site |
Cayönü |
| Area type | cemetery or grave |
| Area NR | Second Stage |
| Period | Anatolia: Pre-Pottery Neolithic A Anatolia: Pre-Pottery Neolithic B |
| Dating method | |
| Radiocarbon dated | no |
| Earliest date: Lab Number | |
| Earliest date: 14C age (BP) | |
| Earliest date: Calibration | None |
| Earliest date: 14C age calibrated (BC) | |
| Earliest date: Date of calibration | None |
| Earliest date: Standard deviation | None |
| Earliest date: Delta 13C | None |
| Earliest date: Dated by | |
| Latest date: Lab Number | |
| Latest date: 14C age (BP) | |
| Latest date: Calibration | None |
| Latest date: 14C age calibrated (BC) | |
| Latest date: Date of calibration | None |
| Latest date: Standard deviation | None |
| Latest date: Delta 13C | None |
| Latest date: Dated by | |
| Period Reference |
Bicakci, E., An Essay on the Chronology of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic Settlements of the Taurus Region (Turkey) with the Building Remains and C14 Dates., None, None Özdogan, A., Cayönü, None, None |
| Comment | The graves are dated over their position/ conection with the buildings of the phases (Grill Building Late/ g5-6, 9400-9200 BP, Channeled Building Phase/ch1-4, 9100-9000 BP). As the excavators don't describe the exact location where radiocarbondates were collected (in/next to the graves?), the dates are not described exactly here (please consult the respective entry on the settlement for more information). |
| Settlement type | None |
| Settlement structure | |
| Settlement building type | |
| Settlement building shape | |
| Settlement building technique | |
| Settlement archaeological features | |
| Cave/rockshelters type | None |
| Cave/rockshelters: Evidence of graves/human remains | |
| Cave/rockshelters: Evidence of occupation | |
| Quarry exploitation type | None |
| Quarry raw material | |
| Cemetery/graves topography |
part of house |
| Cemetery/graves mortuary features | |
| Grave: number of graves | |
| Grave type |
pit grave |
| Grave: type of human remains |
inhumation secondary deposition |
| Grave: estimated number of individuals | |
| Grave: age groups |
part of specialist report |
| Grave: sexes |
part of specialist report |
| Grave: number of female sex | None |
| Grave: number of male sex | None |
| Grave: number of not specified sex | None |
| Grave: disturbance of graves |
construction of settlement |
| Description | In the late grill buildings, the graves, either single or multiple, under the central room or in between the grill "walls" are primary. The bodies in the central room are oriented NE/SW, whereas the ones in between the grill "walls" lie E-W (mostly determined by the layouts of the grill "walls"). The bodies are in a tightly flexed position on their right sides with their faces into the ground and accompanied by lumps of red ochre and ground stone artifacts. Sometimes they have been buried with necklaces around their necks. Under the plaster between the grill "walls" a dog burial and a boar skull had been placed very close to a male burial. During the use of the reversed or mis-oriented grills, in the western sector, some of the circular stone features in the open space comprised secondary burials. Isolated skull and jaw fragments in the courtyard deposits of the Canneled Building Subphase suggest that some of the skulls might have been kept in the huts of the workshops. In the Scull Building (BM1) there are two shallow pits, one of which is round and small and the other oval and large. The smaller one contained many skulls (decapitated) that are secondary in character, whereas in the other there are primary burials much damaged. The skeletal remains in the oval pit were accompanied by some aurochs skulls and horns but without clear association; all were sealed under a properly made earth floor. Among the scattered bones found in the burnt fill above the floor of the BM1a Building there were a necklace that was left as a gift or buried together with the owners, isolated beads, and a flint knife, that could have been status objects. Some cut marks and defleshing activities were detected. |
| Comment |
Location of the Site
Bibliography
Finds in this Area
Interpretations related to this Area