Finds 168
Main Information
| Finds ID | 168 |
| Site |
Körtik Tepe |
| Area |
ID 79 cemetery or grave |
| Research event | excavation: rescue Körtik Tepe Excavations 2000 - 2010 |
| Finds type | small finds |
| Small finds category | tool |
| Small finds type |
Adze Awl Axe Drill Fish hook Grinding stone Grindstone Mortar Pestle Vessel |
| Botany species | |
| Animal remains species | |
| Animal remains completeness | None |
| Animal remains part | |
| Lithics technology | |
| Lithics industry | |
| Lithics cores and preparation | |
| Lithics retouched tools | |
| Lithics unretouched tools | |
| Lithics raw material | |
| Obsidian | None |
| Obsidian amount | None |
| Pottery form | |
| Pottery detail | |
| Pottery decoration | |
| Pottery type | None |
| Amount | |
| Material |
bone chlorite stone |
| Confidence | 5 |
| Comment | Most of the finds from the mound are ground stone objects. These objects, of different functions, were mostly found in graves. Only a very few of these were exposed on the floors of dwellings, independent of the graves. Apart from rare examples preserved as a whole, most of the stone grave afferings were placed after being intentionally broken; Most of the stone vessels are made from chlorite which is easy to grind with flint and obsidian tools. Apart from these there are also coarse examples made from Iimestone or flint, albeit in small numbers. These vessels, produced by using abrading and flaking techniques, easily detected through the manufacturing traces left on their inner and outer surfaces, are of different shapes and sizes. Taking the surfaces of these stone vessels as a basis, we can divide them into two main groups: plain and decorated. The exterior surfaces of the plain, undecorated vessels have been meticulously burnished; occasionally the rims of some have been specified by incised straight or wavy lines and zigzagged bands. The designs in most of the decorated vessels have been depicted as geometric patterns, displaying an extreme variety of motifs. Although limited in number, the surfaces of some vessels have been entirely decorated with incised or engraved animal figures. The most common among the naturalistic motifs are snakes, wild goats, scorpions, birds, and mixed creatures. The persistent appearance of figural decorations such as the wild goat tagether with the motifs of particular decorative groups, necessitates a holistic approach in interpreting the meanings attributable to the designs. Another group of finds, represented by only a few examples, is that of the whetstones (due to the presence of deep grooves across their flat surfaces) made from different types of stones. in some, there are incised decorations an the other face. Stone celts/axes comprise the most extensive tool category of ground stone implements. Although they are generally shaped in a coarse manner, there arealso examples made more carefully. This mainly functional tool category is represented by numerous examples of different raw materials and sizes; even though there is some variability in their shapes, they basically display a similar form. Of the axes that have a hole in the middle for hafting, those which were put in graves as burial gifts were an the whole worked with more care; others found elsewhere are coarser and warn through use. Besides these axes, mace heads are among the other ground stone burial gifts Those shaped from softer stone such as chlorite, as is the case for finer axes, do not seem to have traces of use. Possibly used for ritual purpose. The pestles can be considered in two distinct groups: the first group comprises those coarsely made and finished ones from hard stones, their surfaces usually warn from use. The second group is made from chlorite, a much softer stone. This latter group has polished surfaces with no traces of use and wear (Özkaya 2004). The upper ends of most of these pestles have been finished with sculpture depicting stylized birds of prey or wild goats; they were exclusively found as burial gifts in graves, indicating their use in rituals. The majorety of the bone objects has been found in graves as burial gifts being of better quality than the ones found in other contexts considering their workmanship and other characteristics. The functional tools are mostly awls and perforators. Even though most of the awls were fragmented, those that coud be definitely identified as such show similarities in shape to those found at Cayönü and Hallan Cemi. The perforators are differentiated by their larger sizes and blunt ends. Close parallels to the small sized bone piercers (pins) can also be seen at Cayönü. There are decorations of incised lines and figures on the surfaces of decorative bone artefacts which are usually long ovals. The artefacts have holes at the middle or at the end, which suggest a possible functional use for these objects, even though their purpose is unclear. Nine fish hooks made of bone have been found so far. Most of them have a U-shape with a high and thick bow part. |
Bibliography
| Reference |
Özkaya, V.; San, O., Körtik Tepe. Bulgular Işiğinda Kültürel Doku Üzerine ilk Gozlemler, 2007, Istanbul Coskun, A., "Körtik Tepe", None, None Özkaya, V., Körtik Tepe, None, None |
Interpretations related to these Finds
| Interpretation |
ID 42
|