Area 763
Main Information
| Area ID | 763 |
| Site |
Tepecik-Çiftlik |
| Area type | settlement |
| Area NR | |
| Period | Anatolia: Early Neolithic Anatolia: Middle Neolithic Anatolia: Late Neolithic Anatolia: Early Chalcolithic Anatolia: Middle Chalcolithic |
| Dating method | material culture |
| Radiocarbon dated | None |
| Earliest date: Lab Number | |
| Earliest date: 14C age (BP) | |
| Earliest date: Calibration | None |
| Earliest date: 14C age calibrated (BC) | |
| Earliest date: Date of calibration | None |
| Earliest date: Standard deviation | None |
| Earliest date: Delta 13C | None |
| Earliest date: Dated by | |
| Latest date: Lab Number | |
| Latest date: 14C age (BP) | |
| Latest date: Calibration | None |
| Latest date: 14C age calibrated (BC) | |
| Latest date: Date of calibration | None |
| Latest date: Standard deviation | None |
| Latest date: Delta 13C | None |
| Latest date: Dated by | |
| Period Reference |
Özdoğan, Mehmet, The Neolithic in Turkey. New Excavations & New Research. Central Turkey, None, None Bıçakçı, E. - Godon, M. - Çakan, Y. G., , Tepecik-Çiftlik, Istanbul 2012, None, None |
| Comment | This area encompasses the Phases II - V (levels 2 - 9). |
| Settlement type | tell |
| Settlement structure | |
| Settlement building type | |
| Settlement building shape | |
| Settlement building technique | |
| Settlement archaeological features | |
| Cave/rockshelters type | None |
| Cave/rockshelters: Evidence of graves/human remains | |
| Cave/rockshelters: Evidence of occupation | |
| Quarry exploitation type | None |
| Quarry raw material | |
| Cemetery/graves topography | |
| Cemetery/graves mortuary features | |
| Grave: number of graves | |
| Grave type | |
| Grave: type of human remains | |
| Grave: estimated number of individuals | |
| Grave: age groups | |
| Grave: sexes | |
| Grave: number of female sex | None |
| Grave: number of male sex | None |
| Grave: number of not specified sex | None |
| Grave: disturbance of graves | |
| Description | Pottery: the raw material came from many secondary clay deposits, so the clay was easily accessible and homogeneous in all of the assemblage; mostly local clay was used, only few imported pieces; all wares contained organic temper (e.g. chaff, grass), which was chosen according to the finishing process: thin vegetal material was used in well-burnished wares; vegetal temper was used due to cultural traditions and not related to the technological process (the clay would have been usable even without the temper) Ground stone industry: "worked stones": fine-grained pebbles without shaping were used as tools --> use-wear on the surface, used to shape and sharpen bone tools or other organic material; pebbles used by rubbing, e.g. as a pottery burnishing tool or in leather tanning operations --> therefore the pebbles had a smooth surface or grooved areas caused by the repetitive friction, or pecking marks from hammering stones (used for direct percussion in lithics technique); coarse ground stone artifacts were common, e.g. mortars, grinding slabs, basins (basalt or rhyolite), pestles, anvils; stone axes: chopper axes, hatchets --> made of limestone or fine grained basalt, which indicates a specialized production and a wide geographical range of raw material procurement; Bone industry: needles, punches, spoons, awls, scrapers; few special sculpted artifacts: zoomorphic (some realistic bovids, or other stylized animals), all made of wild animal bones; worked bones and teeth were used as jewelry sets, e.g. pierced rib segments, diaphysis segments --> necklaces; carved flat bone pendants; a few marine shells were used as jewelry; Obsidian Industry: there was a sustained presence of arrowheads made on bipolar points in all times, but they were out of use in most of the Neolithic sphere by the end of the PPNB, except in Cappadocia and Amuq Region; two production systems can be observed: either a well-controlled production process with specialized workers or people with skills who had knowledge of a standard method, who used a wide range of techniques from shaping the preform up to the débitage of bipolar blades, or shaping of points by covering oblique parallel retouches made by pressure technique; a lot of points were found, in different stages of shaping, some unfinished, unused or heavily used, or with reshaping of the ridges; second system: arrowheads made of coarser, less symmetrical bipolar blades, or tools made on bipolar débitage product waste (e.g. upsilons) --> less professional and more utilitarian production with leftover flakes that were either contemporary or used later on from abandoned workshops on the Göllüdag; inside of the settlement, there were no bipolar cores or product wastes; stone ornaments: the burials were mostly without offerings or personal belongings, sometimes beads and ornamental pieces as stray finds in open areas, refuse deposits or inside building rubble; especially tiny pierced stone beads, but rarely in their primary context as necklace; there also were some larger, zoomorphic beads or pendants (horse, goat, deer heads) stones: pyrite, goethite, limestone, turquoise, malachite, azurite, volcanic rocks, obsidian (traded from Cappadocia to Central and Eastern Anatolia, Cilicia and farther, maybe even from the Taurus Mountains or the Iran) |
| Comment |
Location of the Site
Bibliography
Finds in this Area